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Applied behavior analysis (ABA) is the process of applying interventions based on the principles of learning theory to improve socially significant behaviors, to find the best ways of doing this, and to show that the interventions employed are responsible for the improvement in behavior.〔See also footnote number "(1)" of (the whole "What is ABA?" section of ) << >>, where the same definition is given, (or quoted), and it credits (or mentions) both () the source "Baer, Wolf & Risley, 1968" -- (which is consistent with the footnote with ref name = "JABA3" in this Wikipedia article) -- (that is, footnote number "()" (here ), as of "17:07, 1 October 2015") ''and'' () another source, called "Sulzer-Azaroff & Mayer, 1991"〕 The concept of using artificial intelligence to code ABA and advance generalization of the science was presented to peer review. The science of ABA has now been democratized so that anyone can manage self-directed treatment based on the positive behavior support principles established by the (Behavior Analyst Certification Board ) (the BACB is the international certification body for Board Certified Behavior Analysts) in an effort to increase access to ABA treatment, even in the absence of a clinician. A United States District Court Judge ruled withholding ABA from children (0-21) with autism causes irreparable harm, finding Elizabeth Dudek of Florida's Agency for Healthcare Administration's position suggesting ABA was experimental was arbitrary and capricious, ordering AHCA enjoined from withholding ABA.() Thereafter, CMS ordered its guidance that all states to cover ABA via Head Start and Early Head Start EPSDT programs.() The name "applied behavior analysis" has replaced behavior modification because the latter term suggested attempting to change behavior without first clarifying the relevant behavior-environment interactions. In contrast, ABA tries to change behavior by first assessing the functional relationship between a targeted behavior and environmental factors.〔 This approach often seeks to develop replacement behaviors which serve the same function as the aberrant behaviors. Methods of applied behavior analysis range from intensive behavioral interventions— for example, for children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD)〔—to basic research on the rules that govern humans adaptive behavior. ABA has been brought to bear on a wide range of areas and behavioral problems, exemplified by the following: HIV prevention, conservation of natural resources, education, gerontology, health and exercise, organizational behavior management (i.e., industrial safety), language acquisition, littering, medical procedures, parenting, psychotherapy, seatbelt use, severe mental disorders, sports, substance abuse, and zoo management and care of animals. ==Definition== ABA is an applied natural science devoted to developing and analyzing procedures that produce effective and beneficial changes in behavior.〔 It is to be distinguished from the experimental analysis of behavior, which focuses on basic experimental research, but it uses principles developed by such research, in particular operant conditioning, classical conditioning and social learning theory. Behavior analysis adopts the viewpoint of Radical behaviorism, treating thoughts, emotions, and other internal mental activity as behavior that is subject to the same rules as observable responses. This represents a shift from methodological behaviorism, which restricts analysis to observable behaviors, and was the conceptual underpinning of behavior modification from the late 1950s through early 1980s. Behavior analysts emphasize that the science of behavior must be a ''natural'' science as opposed to a ''social'' science. As such, behavior analysts focus on the observable relationship of behavior to the environment, including antecedents and consequences, without resort to "hypothetical constructs". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Applied behavior analysis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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